Sección 02

Gramática Aplicada

Tres rutas para dominar la conjugación: estudia las reglas de cada tiempo verbal, explora los 30 verbos más usados con todas sus formas, o profundiza en temas como ser vs estar y el subjuntivo.

01

Tiempos verbales

02

Los 75 verbos más usados

01ser

to be (essence)

irreg.
02estar

to be (state)

irreg.
03tener

to have

irreg.
04hacer

to do, to make

irreg.
05ir

to go

irreg.
06poder

to be able to

irreg.
07decir

to say, to tell

irreg.
08ver

to see

irreg.
09dar

to give

irreg.
10saber

to know (facts)

irreg.
11querer

to want, to love

irreg.
12llegar

to arrive

irreg.
13pasar

to pass, to happen

-ar
14deber

to owe, must

-er
15poner

to put

irreg.
16parecer

to seem

irreg.
17quedar

to stay, to remain

-ar
18creer

to believe

irreg.
19hablar

to speak

-ar
20llevar

to carry, to wear

-ar
21dejar

to leave, to allow

-ar
22seguir

to follow, to continue

irreg.
23encontrar

to find

irreg.
24venir

to come

irreg.
25pensar

to think

irreg.
26salir

to leave, to go out

irreg.
27volver

to return

irreg.
28tomar

to take, to drink

-ar
29conocer

to know (people, places)

irreg.
30vivir

to live

-ir
31comer

to eat

-er
32sentir

to feel

irreg.
33morir

to die

irreg.
34entender

to understand

irreg.
35dormir

to sleep

irreg.
36empezar

to start, to begin

irreg.
37jugar

to play

irreg.
38pedir

to ask for

irreg.
39sentarse

to sit down

irreg.
40volar

to fly

irreg.
41recordar

to remember

irreg.
42contar

to count, to tell

irreg.
43perder

to lose

irreg.
44cerrar

to close

irreg.
45mostrar

to show

irreg.
46costar

to cost

irreg.
47convertir

to convert, to turn into

irreg.
48obtener

to obtain, to get

irreg.
49mantener

to maintain, to keep

irreg.
50traer

to bring

irreg.
51trabajar

to work

-ar
52estudiar

to study

-ar
53esperar

to wait, to hope

-ar
54mirar

to look at, to watch

-ar
55escuchar

to listen

-ar
56comprar

to buy

-ar
57ayudar

to help

-ar
58terminar

to finish, to end

-ar
59ganar

to win, to earn

-ar
60usar

to use

-ar
61preguntar

to ask

-ar
62viajar

to travel

-ar
63enseñar

to teach, to show

-ar
64cantar

to sing

-ar
65bailar

to dance

-ar
66leer

to read

irreg.
67correr

to run

-er
68vender

to sell

-er
69caer

to fall

irreg.
70escribir

to write

-ir
71recibir

to receive

-ir
72abrir

to open

-ir
73subir

to go up, to climb

-ir
74decidir

to decide

-ir
75cubrir

to cover

-ir
03

Temas de gramática

B12 secciones

El Presente — Verbos Regulares

Patterns for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs

Regular verbs in the present tense follow a predictable stem-and-ending pattern. Drop the infinitive ending (-ar, -er, -ir) and add the appropriate ending for the subject.

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B13 secciones

Pretérito vs. Imperfecto

The two past tenses — and when to use each

Spanish has two simple past tenses. The preterite describes completed actions with a clear beginning and end. The imperfect describes ongoing, habitual, or background past situations.

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B13 secciones

Ser vs. Estar

Two verbs that both mean 'to be'

Both ser and estar translate as 'to be', but they cover different territory. Ser describes essence: who or what something is. Estar describes state: where, how, or in what condition something is.

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B12 secciones

Por vs. Para

Two prepositions, two very different jobs

Both por and para can translate as 'for' in English, but they answer different questions. Para points forward — to a destination, a purpose, a deadline. Por points sideways or backward — to a cause, a means, an exchange.

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B13 secciones

Futuro y Condicional

What will happen and what would happen

The future and conditional are built the same way: take the full infinitive and add a set of endings. Both share the same set of irregular stems, so learning one gives you the other almost for free.

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B23 secciones

El Subjuntivo Presente

Expressing desire, doubt, and emotion

The subjunctive is a separate mood, not a tense. It appears in subordinate clauses after expressions of wish, doubt, emotion, necessity, and uncertainty. Most often introduced by 'que'.

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B13 secciones

Pronombres de Objeto

Direct, indirect, and where they go

Object pronouns replace the noun receiving the action. Direct objects answer 'what?' or 'whom?'. Indirect objects answer 'to whom?' or 'for whom?'.

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B13 secciones

Estructura de la Oración

Word order, questions, and negation

Spanish word order is more flexible than English, but the default is Subject-Verb-Object. Subject pronouns are usually dropped because the verb ending already shows who is acting.

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B15 secciones

El Gerundio

The -ando / -iendo form and the progressive

The gerundio is Spanish's equivalent of the English -ing form, but with a much narrower job. It's purely verbal: it describes how or while an action happens, and it powers the progressive with estar. Unlike English, it's never a noun ('smoking is bad') and never an adjective ('running water').

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